四川成都至甘肃兰州铁路全线T梁架设完成******
中新网阿坝1月17日电 (记者 刘忠俊)17日下午，随着最后一片长24米、重100吨的T型梁稳稳落在镇江关车站1号五线特大桥桥墩上，标志着四川成都至甘肃兰州铁路成都至川主寺(黄胜关)段(下称：成兰铁路成川段)T梁全部架设完成，为该条铁路全线贯通打下了坚实基础。
成兰铁路成川段位于四川省境内，项目在成都青白江站与既有成绵乐接轨，经德阳、绵阳至阿坝州，在黄胜关与在建的西宁至成都铁路接轨，设计时速200公里，线路全长约275.8公里。成兰铁路成川段包含桥梁52座，15公里以上长隧道5座，桥隧比例高达79.36%，线路最大坡度20‰，需架设T梁2698孔(5396片)。
最后一片重100吨的T型梁稳稳落下。 李富彬 摄成兰铁路成川段高原区段海拔平均3000米以上，属高原高寒地区，地质条件具有“四极三高”显著特点，即地形切割极为强烈、构造条件极为复杂活跃、岩性条件极为软弱破碎、汶川地震效应极为显著；高地壳应力、高地震烈度、高地质灾害风险；给架梁施工带来极大考验。
T型架设后工人师傅正在进行焊接。 刘忠俊 摄成兰铁路公司成兰指挥部指挥长肖霞林表示，高原空气稀薄，缺氧严重，在高原区段架梁施工作业人员工作效率降低，其次高原气候条件恶劣，昼夜温差大，强对流天气多发，雨雪天气频繁，对T梁运输和架设是一个巨大挑战，T梁运输长达180公里左右。同时铁路高原段以长大隧道群居多，隧道内作业空间狭长，作业环境差，需克服隧道通讯、通风、有毒有害气体检测、长大坡道运输等诸多困难。
据了解，为加快施工进度，中铁八局设立了什邡、松潘两个制梁场。其中，松潘制梁场位于松潘县青云镇境内，毗邻九寨沟、黄龙、牟尼沟等多个自然保护区和水源保护地，对此项目部在制梁场配置了污水处理系统，确保施工废水零排放，同时对各铺架工点、桥机班生活垃圾采取随车携带、分类处理方式。“将每一辆运梁车变成移动“补给站”，为高原区段施工提供坚强保障。”中铁八局成兰铁路项目部经理张华称，全线T梁架设顺利完成，进一步加快了成兰铁路开通运营时间。
T型梁架设现场。 刘忠俊 摄据悉，成兰铁路建成后成都前往松潘仅需2小时左右，大大缩短了两地间的通行时间，对完善中国西部铁路网，让西南与西北两大区域联系更加紧密。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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